EN
Mōhio ki ngā Raeti me ngā Tauarahi Aluminium
Ngā Raeti 1xxx: Aluminium Pūrua me te Whakanuatanga Matatū
Ngā kaihuinga paraihe ki te 1xxx ngā kapa e 99% tōna paraihe kua whakaaetia, e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana te arataki pai. Ko te āhua nei ka kitea e koe ēnei kaihuinga e tū ana i ngā mea pērā i ngā wira hiko me ngā wāhanga kaiwhakarewa wera. Anō hoki he paku pāpaku? E āki ai hoki i te pāpaku whakapai i te kōhatu. Tirohia ngā pātaka kimi me ngā toihau whakaputanga kai, kei te whakamahi i ngā matū 1xxx ki ētahi wā. Whakaputua hoki e ngā tau tēnei – e 8 ki te 10 ngā whakaaetanga kaiwhakarewa pāpaku anodic. Kāore he ngoikera ina mahi ana i ngā taiao e mōhoni ai te rāpaki.
raupapa 6xxx: Ngā Kaiwhakaawe Whakarite Mō te Whakaputa me te Whakahaere
Ko ngā paraihe o te 6xxx te whakapātata i te tōaitanga o ngā āhuatanga ki te whai i te pāmahana me te raima i roto i ā rātou whakapiringa. Kātahi ka kitea tēnei i ngā kōwhiringa rongonui pērā i te 6061 me te 6063 e kaihere ana i te kaha tika me te kaha whakaputanga tino pai. Ko ēnei āhuatanga he whakamāramatia ai te pāpaku a ngā kaihanga ki ērā mō ngā mea pērā i ngā matapihi o ngā whare, ā, ko ētahi wāhanga o ngā tātarā he mea nui kia kaha, kia māmā hoki te mahi i ngā wā o ngā mahi pakohia. Ki te whakarite ki ngā kōwhiringa kei te whānau 7xxx, ko ēnei paraihe e tāimana ana i te takotoranga kaha me te whakapapa, ko te āhua nei he nui te whai hua a ngā kaihanga i ērā mō ngā kaupapa katoa. Ko te mea e hāngai ana ki te whakamāmātia ko te āhua e taea ai te whakauru atu ki ngā mīhini whakaputanga hei hanga i ngā āhua pīroiroi, ā, ko ētahi wā he pene rānei i te mutunga kia pakari tonu ai te mutunga o te hua.
raupapa 7xxx: Ngā Whakamahinga Kaha me ngā Whakaaetanga
Ko ngā whakapai mātāpuna karu-karu i te 7xxx te whakapai kia kaha rawa atu, ā, e whakamahia ana i ngā wā kua oti te kaha me te herekai hāngai, ā, he tino whakamahia ki te hanga waka rererangi. Ko te kaha o ēnei whakapai i te nuinga o te wā i te kaha o te hinu, e 6-7% tonu pea te wāhi e noho ana tātou ki te pūpahi me te mātāpuna. Heoi anō te take whakamutunga? Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pakaru pea, ā, ka heke i ā rātou whakamahinga i ētahi tikanga. Hei whakatika i tēnei take, ko te tikanga e whakapai ai ngā kaihanga i ngā kiriata tiaki rānei e whakamahia ana ngā kiriata e whakarite ai i te aukati i ngā whakapāki. Ka kitea e tātou ēnei whakapai ki te hanga i ngā rererangi hokohoko - whakapaihia te tinana o te rererangi, me ngā kōwhai whakapai e herea ai te katoa i te wā rererangi. Ahakoa he uaua tonu te herekai ake i te pakaru, ko te nuinga o ngā inihua e whai ana i te 7xxx ina hiahiatia ana ngā wāhi e noho ana i te pōpōkai hāngai.
Nga Ata Kī Ora Nā E Tirohia Ana I Te Wā Hei Whiriwhiringa I Tetahi Hōiho Whaiwhai
Te Unga Mana ki te Momo Mo Te Whakapae Tuara
Ko te kaha ki te kaha o te taumaha e noho pāngia ana i ngā waahanga pērā i ngā taputapu whare me te whakauru i ngā waka, mai i te kore e hiahia ana koe ki te mea taumaha e pakaru mariko ana. Ina he pai te kaha o ngā taputapu ki tō rātou taumaha, ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā tahumaero katoa kaore i te whakaputu i ngā mea katoa he nui rawa. Whakamahia ngā uhi konumohe hei tauira. Ko te 7075 ka huihui nui te awhi mai i te kaha o te kaha, koia hoki te take i whakamahia ai e ngā rererangi. Ko ngā kaihanga waka e hiahia ana ki te 6061. Ko tēnei tētahi take waenganui pai i waenganui i te kaha ki te kaha me te tūhono tonu ki ngā waka autō. Whakaritea te 6061 ki tētahi mea pērā i te uhi 1100 kāore he tautohetohe. Ko te 6061 anake te tino kaha ake i raro i te paripari i te wa e whakapai ai i te taumaha, e whai rāweka ai i te rereke i ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te mahi o te waka me te whānau kaha.
Whakahē i te kōpūtanga i roto i ngā taiao hē
Ko ngā tāpapa e hiahiatia ana kia tū ki te kōhatu i ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā kaipuke me ngā tohunga whakapakari i āwhina i ngā tikanga whakamāmātia i te rā, i te pō hui. Ko ngā tāpapa paraihe penei i te 5052 me te 6061 kua hangaia he ingoa mō te tūturu ki te mātāpuna, ina hau te wai moana. Ko te āhua nei i te raru ake pea ngā kamupene waka moana me ngā kaihanga whakapakari e whai tikanga ana i ēnei kōtaha motuhake hei hanga i ngā keel me ngā kaiwhakarewa. Ina tāpirihia ngā rongoā pērā i te anodizing, kei te hanga mātou i tētahi pāpaku ki te mata paraihe tru ngā tikanga electrochemical. Ko tēnei e hanga ana i te kapu oksīti kākāriki e mahi ana hei āwhina atu anō. Kua whakaatu hoki ngā ripoata a te ahumoni i ētahi hua whakamāorihia anō hoki. Ko te paraihe anodized e roa ake ana i tana hoa kāore i te anodized i te wā e tāroa ana, i te wā e rite ki te rima ngā wā te roa o mua i te whakaatu i ngā tohu o te whakamāmātia i ēnei wāhi kōhatu. E mārama ana te nuinga o ngā kaihangahanga ka tohua i ēnei rongoā i ēnei rā.
Te take whakarite me te Whakahauanga o ngā Rautaki Muhumuhu
Ko te tikanga o te whakawhitinga tāere e mōhiotia ai ko te pēhea e āhua ai ngā paraiheparaihe hiriwa ka taea te whakapiripiri ki ngā āhua pīroiroi ake i te wā o ngā tikanga hāngai. Ko te paraihe 6063 ko te tīeke ake i ētahi atu i āhua hoki tātou i te wā e hanga ana i ērā hoki āhua pīroiroi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mea pērā i ngā whare me ngā waka. Kei te pōwhiri ake ngā kaihoahoa ki te mahi ki tēnei rawa ina hangaia ana ngā matapihi i āratia ai e rātou te katoa o te whakapapa auaha kāore i te whakarere i te kaha o te hanganga. Ko ngā kaihanga waka hoki e āhua ana i ēnei āhua ina hanga ana i ngā paparua tinana e hiahiatia ana kia kaha me te māmā. Ko te mea e whakarite ana i ēnei paraihe he kore noa i te āhua engari ko te mea hoki ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga tere ake i te wā e whakauru ana i ngā tātai whakapono ki ngā umanga rereke.
Te Whiriwhiringa Tohu Pūtōrino mō ngā Taupānga
Ngā Whakarite me ngā Tauanga Ngaahau
Ko te āhua he mea nui i te wā o te whare wānanga, ā ko ngā tāpiritanga karu karu e hoatu ana i te whakaaetanga nui ki ngā kaiwhakauru hei waihanga i ērā anō āhua. Kei te aroha ngā kaiwhare wānanga ki te mahi ki ēnei mātātoko mō ngā mea e kitea ana e te tangata, pērā i ngā ā-kiato o ngā whare me ngā matapihi, i te mea e āhua katoa ngā āhua ka taea e rātou te whiwhi mai i te pāpaku ki te pāpaku, ā, kei te tū mai anō hoki i te maha o ngā tae. Tirohia te tāpiritanga 6063 hei tauira - kei te pai tēnā ki ngā waihanga taupua i te mea e māmā ana te kōpiko i a ia kāore he pāpaku. Kei te tāpiritanga 6082 anō hoki, e āwhina ana i ngā kawenga nui ake i ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te kaha. Ko te whakawhanaketanga e tino nui ana i ngā rā o ēnei tau i roto i ngā tāone whare. Kei te hiahia ake ngā kaihangahanga ki ngā taputapu e kore e mutu ki ngā pātaka pārenga i muri i te rā o te whakakapi. Ko te kōrero pai i konei hoki: ko te karu karu e āwhina ana i tēnei kaupapa kauta i te mea ko tēnei tētahi o ngā taputapu e rereke ana, e whakamahia ana, ā, e āwhina ana i te whenua i te wā e pā ana.
Ngā Whakaaetanga Motokā me te Rāwhiti
Ko ngā whakapai tūmuri (aluminium) kei te whai wāhi nui ki te hanga i ngā waka me te hanga rākau hau (aerospace engineering) hoki, i te mea kāore he tāngata e hiahia ana ki ngā waka taumaha, ki ngā rererangi taumaha rānei. Kei te hiahia ngā kaihanga ki ngā taputapu e whakarato ana i te kaha, engari e whai ana i te pāpaku, ko te rāka ko te 5000, 6000, ā, ina heke atu hoki ki te 7000 series alloys. Kua whakaurua ngā taputapu nei ki ngā whakamātau me ngā whakaaetanga e hiahiatia ana kia tiakina ai i ngā tikanga whakahaere pīroiroi. Ko te 6082-T6 me te 7075-T6 hei tauira - kua whakawhitinga kaha ngā kaiwhakapai i te pānga o te whakapāha (stress) me te wareware (wear) i te wā. Kua kitea hoki e mātou tēnei e āhua pai ana i te mahinga. Ko ngā kamupene waka e kōrero ana mō te whai ake ake i te rīwhi (mileage) ina hurihia ki ngā taputapu tūmuri, ā, ko ngā kaihanga rererangi hoki e kōrero ana mō te whai ake ake i ngā tikanga whakahaere. Kei te whanake haere tonu te mātāpuna (metal) tūwana, e rapu tonu ana i ngā ara hou hei āwhina i ngā kaihangahanga (engineers) kia whakauru ai i ngā taputapu pai ake me te kore e whakarupeke i te kaha o te hanganga.
Ngā Wāriu Pāmuamu me ngā Huringa Tūmahi Tūhononga
Kei te pai rawa ngā whakauru paraihe ki ngā tautohu whakangao katoa, ā, he tino whaitua ina hiahiatia ana kia hanga i ētahi mea mō tētahi mahi motuhake. Ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga o ngā tikanga hanga me te māmā, ahakoa he tapahi, he kuhu i ngā wāhanga, he whakapapa rānei i ngā rāwekenga ki ngā āhua pīroiroi. Ko tētahi uka noa i ngā whakauru he hanga i ngā wāhanga e whai kaha ana me te māmā i te wā anō. Ka āwhina a Paraihe i tēnei rapanga nā tana whirinakitanga i raro i te kaha e whai ana i te māmā tonu ki te tārore. Ko te āhua nei ka kitea e tātou te nuinga o ngā momo pērā i te 6061 me te 5251 kei ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana ngā nekeneke tūturu a robo, i te wā e hiahia ana ngā mōhio ki te hanga i ngā mea e tautohe ai i ngā tikanga uaua engari kāore he taumaha. Kua kaha ake ngā kainenga tōkī nei ki te kaiwhakauru mō ētahi toa e whai wāhi ana ki ngā tono hanga motuhake, e whakaatu ana i te nui o te paraihe ki te tōtika i ngā mea e tautoha ai ngā umanga.
Te Mahi Wheroiti i roto i te Kaitohu Wheroiti
Me pēhea te Mahi Whakawhanake e Whakarite ana i te Weroiti
Ko te whakaputanga i te taura tāone tētahi o ngā tikanga nui rawa kia āhua ai ēnei meka tāone mō ngā whakamahinga pūmahara katoa. Ko te whakaaro matua ko te whakapōki i te taura tāone kua whakakaha ki roto i ngā kōpaki e āhua ana i ngā whārangi e tino hiahiatia ana kia tino tōneutia ki ā rātou whakamahinga. E whai ana kē tētahi atu tikanga ki tēnei tikanga. Ko te whakaputanga tika he māmā ake engari me te kaha ake te whakamahi, i te wā e whakaputanga korekau he āwhina ake i ngā kaihanga ki te whakahaere i te ara e rere ai te metāra me te āhua ki te mata i muri i te tukatuka. Kua whakaaturia e ngā whakaururanga ahumoni kātahi ka whai whakapai ake i te mahi ake i ngā kaihanga i ā rātou tikanga whakaputanga. Ko tēnei e āwhina ai i ngā toihau kia whakaputua ngā wāhanga tāone tino kounga katoa kaua ko te whakarereke i ngā whakaritenga. Ā, kia piki haere te hangarau, e kite ana i ngā whārangi anō hoki tika ake i ngā rānei o te kāpata i ngā whakaururanga katoa i āwhina i ngā here herekau katoa o ngā umanga rereke.
Whakapai i ngā Pūtanga mō ngā Urutau 6063 me 6061
Kua whakawātea ngā morahi o te konumohe 6063 me te 6061 nā te mea e pai ana te mahi ki ngā wāhi maha, ā, ina heke ki ngā tāirua. Ko te morahi 6063 kua tohua katoa mō ngā whare me ngā hanganga e hāngai ana ki te āhua nā te mea ka pai ake te āhua o te mata. Ko te tikanga tēnei he pai mō ngā mea pērā i ngā tātā o te matapihi, ngā wāhanga āwhakapai rānei i te wāhi e kitea ai te konumohe. I te taha kē, ko te 6061 he whakarewa ake te kaha o te tinana me te aukati i te whero, nā reira ko te mātua kōwhiringa mō ngā wāhanga e hāngai ana ki te kawenga rānei ki te tautohetohe ki ngā tikanga whakapōhē. Ina mahi ana ki ēnei rauemi i te wā o te hoahoa tāirua, he nui te whakapātata i waenganui i te nekeneke o te pito me te wāhi e wātea ana ki roto mō te mahi. Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi tauira pāpāhenua kua whakarerekē ngā kaihanga i ā rātou āhua e hāngai ana ki ngā āhua o te morahi, ā, ka hua mai i ngā hua e kawe ai i te kawenga nui ake i te wāhi e iti ake ai te rauemi. Ko te āhua whai mōhio o tēnei tāirua e utu ana i te whakamahinga, kāore i te pepa anake.
Te Whakarite i ngā Hangareti Wāhi Iti me te Mana o te Pūnaha
Kei te waihanga i ngā wāhanga pakaru mō ngā tāpapa whakawhitinga kohatu e whanake ana i ētahi raru paku mō ngā kaihangahanga e rapu ana i te takiwā tika i waenganui i te kaha o te taro me te māmā noa i a koe. Ko ēnei āhua he pono nui ki ngā wāhi e manawa nei te taumaha engari ko te kaha he mea tonu, whakaarohia ngā rererangi me ngā waka. Ko ngā kaupapa hou ka tīmata ki te hanga i ngā tāpiritanga kohatu e tautohe ai te takitau ina he iti noa kē pea. Whakauruhia ngā tāpiritanga pai ake tahi ki ētahi whakaratonga hau teitei, ka hua mai tēnei takotoranga ki te kaha ake o ngā taro ka taea ai e ngā kaihanga te whakamāmā i te rahi. I ngā whakamātaunui kua whakaaturia mai i te tāpiritanga o ngā tāpiritanga ki ēnei tāpiritanga me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hanga huarahi ka taea e ngā kamupene te penapena i te nuinga o te taumaha kaua ko te whakapā ki ngā raru kaha. Ko ēnei whakapai ake katoa te whakamāramatia mai i te āhua o ngā tāpapa kohatu e whanake haere ana i ngā wā katoa mai i ngā wāhanga rererangi ki ngā tūhono waka.
Nga Tikanga Whaihere mō te Whiriwhiria i te Ālumeniu Matua Tika
Te Mahi Ngātahi ki ngā Kairangahau Whakairo
Ko te whakauru i ngā tohunga hanga i te wā e kōwhiri ana i ngā paraihe konumohe ka whakatupeka ngā hua mai i ngā kaupapa konumohe. Kātahi ka whai ngā mātanga i te mōhio e pā ana ki te ao tūmatanui e āwhina ai i te āhua o ngā hoahoa, ā, he nui ake pea ngā mahi e pai ake ana i ngā whakaritenga. Hei tauira, kua mahi tahi tētahi kamupene rererangi ki ngā tohunga o te konumohe i te wā tuatahi. I āwhina ngā whakarereketanga hoahoa i runga i ngā whakaaro tohunga, kātahi ka eke ake te kaha o te hanganga umanga ki te 20%. Ko te mahi tahi tēnei ka whakamahia ngā konumohe tika e tō ana ki ngā here mekameka i te wā kotahi ka pai hoki ki te āhua. Ko ngā kaupapa he māmā ake te aronga ina mōhio ngā kaimahi katoa ki ā rātou mahi mai i te timatanga ki te mutunga.
Whakapāhoihoi me te Whakamātau i te Ao Tuarua
Ina tōa koe ki ngā rīwai paraihe, ka tāngia e ngā inihua te whārite me te whakamatautau i te ao mōhiotia ka tuku iho i te māramatanga ake i te wāhi e mahi ai ēnei rauemi i te wā ka tīmata te whakaputa. Ko te wā whārite ka whakaaetia e ngā kaihanga te āhua o ngā rīwai hei kite me pātata ana ki te hiahia o te kaupapa. Ko ngā whakamatautau whirinakitanga me te whirinakitanga kāore i te mea nui ki te whai hoki - ka whakapuakia mai hoki ki a mātou mehemea ka taea e te rīwai te whakaeke i ngā āhuatanga e āhua ai i ngā rā katoa. Kei te whakaatu anō hoki ngā purongo umanga mai i ngā tau kua pō ki tētahi mea hōu. Ko ngā kamupene i pau te wā ki te whārite i te tata ki te kore atu i ngā whakaroa, ā, i noho tata ki te tāpiritanga tuatahi i ngā kainoho tāpiri i te wā i wehe kē. Ka tika ake ina whai whakaaro koe ki ngā raruraru katoa ka taea e te whakamatautau tika te wehe atu i te tīmatanga.
Utu versus Whakapai
Ko te whai i te tōtika i waenganui i te utu me te mahi pai he uaua noa i te whiriwhiri i ngā mekohu tō aluminium. Kei te āhua pai ngā kōwhiringa iti ake i te tuatahi, engari kāore i te tino whai kiko mō ētahi mahi motuhake. Mehemea ka tūhonoa ki te pūkaha hauwheke, i te huihuinga waka rānei e hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu e whai whakaaetanga hauwheke me te ture. Ko te nuinga o ngā moni e wātea ana mō ngā mekohu pai ake kāore i te whakaaetia, engari ko te mea e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā ripoata a te umanga e whakaatu ana ko ngā kamupene e tōtika ana ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā taputapu tikangia ka wātea i te 15% atu anō i te nui o te pūtea. Engari ko te mōhio tonu ki āhua e hiahiatia ana e tēnā mahi ka taea te kite i ngā wāhi pai e rua i waenganui i te utu me te mahi, kia kotahi rātou e kaha ai kauwhau.