Koa Tirotiro Tūhonoa hei Whakamahere i ngā Whare Hokoao

Ngā Tahuhu Urupare me ngā Hangarau Whakamahana

Kātahi ka tīmata ngā wehenga wērā ki te takotoranga o ngā rāwekenga hohonu hou, e here ana i te neke o te wēra kāore i te hiahia ki waenganui rāwa i ngā wāhi o roto me ngā taiao o waho. Ko te nuinga o ngā huinga e hangaia ana i ngā pāpaku, he taraiwa rānei ēnei, kua whakauruhia ki roto i ngā tātā o te paraihe ka whakakaha i te tātari wērā – arā anō huarahi e mōhiotia ana e te wēra te wehe atu i ngā whare, te kaihau hoki i ngā marama makariri. Ko te pānga? Ko te whai rawa eke kaha ake i te tōaitanga nā te iti ake o te wēra i te wā e ngaro ana. Ko ngā kōwhiringa whakauru he mea nui anō hoki. Ko ngā kaihoko e mātua whakamahi ana i ngā mea pērā i ngā paparorohau taraiwa, he taraiwa rānei e whakaputua ana ki te hāpai i te āhua o ngā hanganga paraihe e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga o te wā. He aha te take? Nā te mea he āhua tāwhai ēnei taputapu ki te tātari wērā, e iti ai te whakamahi i te hiko katoa. Ko ngā rangahau e whakaputua ana ki ngā whakapuakanga pērā i te Journal of Building Physics e whakakaha ana i tēnei, e whakaatu ana i ngā whiwhinga o te ao tūmatanui ki ngā ine o te whai rawa ina tāpirihia ngā wehenga wērā tika. Mō ngā kaiāwhina me ngā kaihanga e whai mōhio ana ki ngā utu roa-roa, he tika tēnei e āhua ki te taiao, ki te āhua hoki ki te moni.

Te Ara Whakaaffect i te Tirohanga Whare

Ka tino whakanui ngā pūnaha konumohe ritenga i te kaha o ngā whare ki te pupuri i te wera ki roto, ki waho rānei, nā te pai ake o ngā āhuatanga whakawātea me te iti iho o te mate pūngao mā ngā pakitara me ngā matapihi. Ka mahi ēnei rauemi i tō rātou mīharo nā te mea he iti te kawe wera i whakaritea ki ētahi atu konganuku, ā, he kaha rawa rātou ki te roa i ngā tau tekau, kāore e hiahiatia te whakakapi. E ai ki ngā rangahau maha e titiro ana ki te mahi o ngā whare, ko ngā hanganga he kounga pai te kounga o te konumohe o waho, he maha tonu ngā wā e whakaora ana i te 30 ōrau i runga i ō rātou nama whakawera anake. He tino rerekētanga tēnei ina tae mai te hotoke, ā, ka whakaara ake te katoa i te pūmana. Ko te mea whakamīharo ko te iti ake o te taumaha i whakauruhia e ēnei pūnaha ki ngā waeine whakawera me te hau-ā-rangi puta noa i te tau, ko te tikanga he iti ake ngā nama hiko mō ngā rangatira whare. I tua atu i te penapena moni i te wā tonu, he painga roa ake hoki. He pai ake te noho o te iwi i roto ahakoa te pāmahana o waho, ā, e aroha ana ngā kaihoahoa ki te mahi ki ēnei pūnaha nā te mea e tutuki ana i te nuinga o ngā whakaritenga whare matomato o nāianei, me te kore e whakaiti i te āheitanga o te hoahoa.

Pūrongo Tuhituhi i ngā Taiao Whakahirahira

Ina tōkeke rawa te rāhui, ka whakaatu ngā punaha kirihou ritenga i ā rātou uara tūturu. Arā i ngā rākau mātātā, kei reira pea ka pānuku te hukapapa i te wā o te raumati. Kei te whakamahia ngā punaha kirihou ki ngā aukati whakaputua e te hiko, ā, kei te pai hoki te mahi i te whakapaku ai i ngā wāhi raro i te rā me te whakaiti i ngā utu hiko. Tirohia hoki te Aratika - kei reira ngā whare e whakamahi ana i ngā hoahoa kirihou motuhake e noho wera ana i ngā rā mutunga kaupeka kaua ko te nuinga o te hiko. E ai ki ngā rangahau a ngā mātanga pūtaiao hanga, ina tāpirihia ngā mea pērā i ngā kiriata rā āwhina, me te whakapai ake i te whakamau, ka pai ake te mahi a ngā punaha. Ko ngā hua mai i te ao tūmatanui e kōrero ana: i ētahi wāhi kua heke te whakamahi hiko mai i te 40%, ā, kei te whakapono mai ngā tāngata e noho ana ki roto ka noho pai ake te noho ki te katoa o te au. E whakaatu nei he aha i nui ngā kaihoahoa e whakapōki ki ngā whakaeke kirihou ritenga ina hoahoa ana i ngā whare mō ngā āhuarangi katoa.

Te Whakawhanake Hangarau i ngā Pūnaho Whakarite Rākau

Ngā Taupurongo Wharemāori Mō te Whakaiti Kuhu

Kei te mātua whakamahi ngā kaihoahoa ki ngā paraihe whakaputanga kohuke i ngā rā o muri nei i te nuinga o te wā i ērā anō ngā whakakaha i te nui o te hinga i te whakamahinga o te hiko. E kite ana i tēnei e whakakei ana i ngā wāhi katoa inaianei, e kaha ana, ina hui tātou ki ngā pāpaku hau māmā e whakaae ana i ngā wā tonu o te rā. Ko te ara e mahi ai ēnei rātonga e whai whakaaro nui ana ki te ahua makariri rānei te whare i roto, nō reira kāore he hua tika kia whakahaere hauwhāwhā (HVAC) i te nuinga o te wā. Tangohia ngā whare tūmatanui hōu i te tāone, kei te whakauru i ngā paraihe kohuke puta noa i te wā, ā, kua heke kē te utu hiko o ia marama e te 30%. Ki te tirohanga i ngā tau mai i ngā kaupapa kua oti kua whakakaha hoki te kohuke ina tāwhaihia e ngā kaupapa hoahoa pai. Mō ēnei e hiahia ana ki te hanga i tētahi wāhi karuwhā me te noho tonu i te utu tika, kei te tuku mai ēnei paraihe i te āhua me te kiko.

Wheako Tino Tiakina mō ngā Whakatere Minita

Ko ngā whakaputanga paraihe me ngā āhua ritenga kua pakari tērā i ngā kaupapa whakamaru ra kia kapa ake ai te wā i muri mai. Mā te māmā o te hoahoa ka iti ake te wāhi e kaha ana te hau ki te hui ki ngā whare, ka pakaru ai te kaihau kōaro kia āhua rereke ai te wāhi ki te hau. Ko ngā kaihoahoa e mahi ana me ngā rārangi paraihe e hanga ana i ngā whakapae whakamaru ra e āhua pai ana i te āhua, ā, e pakaru hoki i te moni i runga i ngā pātai hauora. Kua kitea e tātou kua pai tēnei i te mahinga, ā, he tino pai ake tēnei ngā whakapae rahi ra e kapi ana i ngā tatau whare hokohoko. E ai ki ngā kai mōhio ki te umanga, he nui te rerekē e āwhina ai i te whakamaru ra i te wā roa me te iti i ngā tāimata utu nui ake i ngā wā pāroa.

Te Taurunga ki ngā Rākau Whiria

Ko te whakakotahi i ngā pōro para me ngā pūnaha whakakīato he whai rawa nui ki te hanga whakaihiihi. Ko te ara e mahi tahi ai ēnei rauemi e whakauru ai i te kaha ake o te rā ki te pō nei, e iti ai te hiahia ki ngā rātā hiko, i te wā e whakauru tonu ana i te whakamarumaru tika i ngā putake o te āhuarangi. Kei te mātua whakamahi kē ētahi whare hōu i tēnei tāutanga kia iti ake ngā utu hiko ki te iti ake i ngā hiahia hāngai me te rīwai. Ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i te American Architectural Manufacturers Association e tautoko i tēnei tikanga nā te kite ake i te kaha ki te whakapai ake i te whare hei whare e iti ai te whakamahi i te kaha. Kaua ko te iti iho i te kaha, ko te whakakotahi tēnei i ngā wāhi e pai ake ai te noho me te āki i te ahumahi hanga ki ngā tikanga e pai ana ki te taiao.

Ngā Whakataea Āhanga Pūao mō ngā Whare Hōhipera

Ngā Rārangi Whakahaere Whakawehenga Matimati

Ko ngā pūnaha hāpūtanga awhio he mea matua nui hei whakapono i te kounga o te hau ki ngā whare o nāianei. Ina anga atu ēnei pūnaha ki ngā kaihanga hāpaitia hou, ka whakamahia he hau parauri i te wā e noho ai ngā tāngata. Ka tīmata ngā kāpua hāpaitia me ngā kaupeka hei whakarite i a rātou anō i ngā wā katoa e hiahiatia ana e te whare, ka iti ake ngā wā katoa ka ngaro te hau. I whakamahia hoki e ASHRAE ngā rangahau mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hāpūtanga hau hou, ka iti ake ngā utu hau o ngā whare i te 30%. Ko te kounga o te hau ka pai ake te noho ki ngā wāhi katoa, ā, he iti ake hoki ngā utu whakahaere ki te roa, ā, he mea tēnei e hiahia ana ngā kaimātai whare katoa.

Te Whakahaere Huarere me te IoT

Kua rerekētia te whakahaere whare tōtika i te IoT, ā, ina he tōaitanga te kōwhiri i ngā rāwekenga hauora. Ina tāwhai ai i ngā kaihanga pāpaku hōu aluminium ki ngā pūnaha huihuinga nei, kātahi ka āhua whai whakautu ake ngā whare ki ngā huringa āhuarangi, kia noho pāmahana ai ngā kainoho i te wā kotahi me te iti ake te hāngai ki te kaha. E ai ki ngā tau e whakaputangia ana e te US Department of Energy, kei te whakapai ake i te 40% te kaiwhakamahi kaha o ngā whare ki ngā whare whai hanganga hauora. I whakamahia hoki e te National Renewable Energy Lab ngā whakamātau i te ao tūmatanui, ā, i whakaatu mai i te nuinga o te moni me ngā rauemi e taea te penapena ina tīmata ngā whare ki te kōrero ki ētahi atu mā runga i ēnei huihuinga. Ko te āhua nei i tēnei wā he tauira mō āpōpō, arā ko ngā hanganga hou e mahi tahi ana me ngā rauemi pērā i te aluminium e āhua pai ana ki te taiao.

Rimaumua Whakaata Ātea (BIPV)

Ko ngā whare e whakauru ana i ngā pātaka hiko a-rohe, te BIPV rānei e whakaroa ai i te wā i tēnei wā, kaua ko ngā wāhanga kirihou e uru mai ana. Ko te hangarau e kōwhiria ana ngā pātaka rā mai i te whare ake, nō reira ka taea e ngā hanganga te whakaputangia i ā rātou ake hiko ake ake, i te wā e mahi tonu ana i ā rātou kaupapa matua. Kei te pai ake te kirihou i konei nā te iti o tana kaha engari he pērā tonu te whakamau, ā, ka taea hoki e ia te whakapūmau i te āhua o te whare kia kaua e iti ake te mahi. Ka taea te whakatairite ki te Whare Whakataetae Hiko a Solar Decathlon hei tauira o te whakamahinga i te ao mō te whakakotahi i ēnei hangarau e piki ake ai te mahi tūturu i te 25% tata ki ngā tikanga tawhito. Ki te nui ake o ngā kamupene e arotake ana ki te whakaiti i ngā kapa karbon ki ngā umanga katoa, ko te kōwhiringa o ngā pūnaha BIPV me ngā taputapu kirihou ka piki ake tonu ki ngā tau kei mua, e whakatutuki ana i ēnei whāinga taiao o te ao e whakatakotoria mai ana e ngā kāwanatanga.

Te Pūtaiao Ahurea ki te Whakahokia i te Aluminium

Ngā Paetae Whakauru Tirohanga

Ko te whakaaro o te whakaproduction kauta he wāhi nui ki ngā ngā huringa hou o te whakarewa i te paraihe, i te nuinga o te wā e mōhiotia ana ko te whakaiti i te pāpaku i te wā e tiaki ana i ngā rauemi taumata. I konei ko te tikanga ko ngā kamupene e tango ana i ngā hua paraihe tawhito, ka rereke i te wāhi e whakaputangia ai te rauemi hou mai i te whenua. Ko ngā painga e rua ko te iti ake o ngā taonga kei ngā wāhi pāpaku me te whakapakari i te nuinga o te hauora i te wā kotahi. Ka taea e tātou te whai tētahi tauira mai i ngā whare umanga. Ina whakamahia e ngā kaihoahoa te paraihe hou i ngā kaupapa hanga, ko ērā ngā hanganga e iti ake ai te kaimana o te karaihe i ngā wa kua oti. E āta whakaatu ana ētahi whiriwhiri ko te whakamahi i te paraihe hou e iti i te 90% te whakaputanga o ngā kaihoko karaihe ki te whakaputanga me ngā rauemi taketake. Ko te rerekētanga o te momo rite ka nui te āwhina i ngā kamupene kia kaua e nui te utu i runga i te pakihi.

Te Tirohanga Ora o Te Wā Compared to Steel

Kei te āwhina i te whai mōhio e whakatauira ai i ngā pānga o ngā rauemi rerekē ki te taiao ina kōrero ana mātou e pērā ana i te ātaramu ki te hinu. Kei te tino āhua pai ake te ātaramu i te hinu ina mōhio ana ki te hauora me ngā whakaputanga hauora i ngā tau katoa mai i te hanga atu ki te whakakaha. Kua whakamahia e ngā kaimahi ki te Rōpū Ātaramu Tiriti te āhua o te ātaramu hei kōwhiringa korekau i āwhina ai i te whakarewa i te wā tuatahi me te iti ake hauora e hiahiatia ana. Ka tīmata ngā kaihanga ki te kite i ēnei tau ā ka tīmata ratou ki te whiriwhiri i te ātaramu anō hoki mō ā rātou kaupapa, ina heke iho te kaha ki te muramura i te karapuna karbon me te hanga i ētahi mea e roa ai te wā kia kaua e whara i te ao.

Nga Whakangungu Tohu LEED

Ko te whakamanatanga LEED ka whakapaku pū ngā whare ki ngā tikanga āki ai, ā, ko te whiti hoki tētahi o ngā mea matua nui hei eke atu ki ngā tohu karuwhiti. Ina whakamahia e ngā kaihangahanga te whiti neke atu, ka huihui ratou i ngā pūmanawa LEED nā te iti ake o te hau teka tukuna hei whakaputa i te whiti, ā, ka āwhina hoki i te tirotiro i te taiao. Hei tauira, ko ngā rāpua whiti ka tāwhai hau e ngā whakaurunga nei, ā, ko te nuinga o ēnei ka tūhono ki ngā pūmanawa pērā i te Kaitirotiro Hua Neke Atu ki roto i ngā tohutohu LEED. Kua kitea e te ahumoni hangahanga he rerekētanga tūmatanui ki te kaha o ngā tauākī, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoahoa whare e tohu ana i ngā wāhanga whiti neke atu kia āhua tāwhai ai i ā rātou kaupapa ki ngā tohu o ngā whare karuwhiti o nāianei. Ko ētahi atu kainaha e whai ana i te rahinga tika o te kaihanga neke atu ka tāpirihia ki ia kaupapa hei whakapakari i te ūkaipōtanga o rātou whakamanatanga LEED.

Ngā Tohutohu o Mua i te Whiuwhiu Ahumahi

Te Whakauru i ngā Raraunga Whakarerekē

Ko Ngā Tahumaero Whakawhitinga Wāhanga, te tikanga hui mātou i te mōhiotia ai, kei te whakarereke i te ara i ngā whare whakahaere i te āhu. Ina mahi tahi ēnei taputapu ki ngā pūnaha paraihe, kei te kitea e mātou ētahi whakangāhau mō te whakapai ake i te whare kia iti ake te hua o te hau. Ko te whakaaro matua ko te nuinga: ko ngā PCM ka rere atu i te wera ina pānuku ana kātahi ka hoki mai te wera ina heke haere ngā wā. Kātahi ka āwhina i te wāhi kauta kia noho pāmahana kaua ko te nuinga e tākotoria ai ngā pūnaha HVAC mō te whakapāmahana, te whakapāpaku rānei. Ko te paraihe anō te mea pai kia pai ai te kaihau wera nui. Kua whakamātauria ētahi whare kua whakamahi i te takotoranga tāpiri ka taea ai te whakaiti i ngā utu hau. Ki te āpiti, kei te mahi ngā kairangahau ki ngā PCM hou pea e taea ai te whakauru tika ake ki ngā wāhanga paraihe. Ahakoa kāore e mōhiotia e tētahi te āhua o ngā whakapai ake nei, ko ngā tohu tuatahi kei te arahina ki ngā whakapai ake nui ki te mahi hau i ngā taputapu hāngai.

Nanokoati Huringa mō te Whakaū Taiarahia

Kei te hurihia e ngā taumahu hou ki ngā taumahu nanocoatings te whakaaro mō te whakapoke aha o te rā ina tāroa ki ngā hua o te paraihe, e āwhina ai i te utu hiko e iti ake ngā whare. I te tikanga, āwhina ēnei taumahu motuhake i te paraihe kia hōkio ake te rā kaua ko te kōpū, nō reira he iti ake te hiahia ki te hau makariri ki roto i ngā whare. I whakaatu hoki ngā whakamātau hou he nui ngā hua. I tētahi rangahau i kitea e te 30% te heke i ngā utu whakakaha i runga i te whai hua ake o te whakapoke aha. Ko te āhua nei, kei te āki ake ngā kaihoahoa whare ki te whai whakaaro ki te paraihe nanocoated hei mea e whai utu ana mō ā rātou kaupapa. A mā te whai whakawhitinga tonu, kātahi pea tātou ka tīmata ki te kite i ēnei taumahu e whakamahia ana ki ngā wāhanga rereke o ngā whare e hangaia ana i te paraihe, āwhina i ngā wāhi kia noho pāpaku ake me te iti ake te whakamahi hiko.

Ngā Hanganga Whirinaki Aiwhakatūtanga

Kei te whakarereke a AI i tā mātou whaiwhakaaro ki te hoahoa hanganga, ā, he tino pērā anō mō te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o ngā hanganga paraihe. Ka taea e ngā pūmanawa hoahoa e hāngai ana ki te hinengaro pono te whakaputa i ngā whare e iti ake ngā rauemi nā te mea kei te tātaritia e ēnei pūnaha ngā rahi o ngā raraunga hei whai hua ake i ngā ara hei whakamahi i ngā rauemi me te whakarite i ngā wāhanga whare rānei. Kua kitea e mātou ētahi whakamahinga kei te whai hua te AI ki te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te paraihe i ngā kaupapa hanga. Hei tauira, kei ētahi kaupapa papaku tōke kua whakauruhia ngā hoahoa kia māmā ake te whānui mai i ngā tātari rorohiko mātau. Ki te āianei, kei te whakapono te nuinga o ngā tohunga ka haere tonu te rerekētanga ki ngā hanganga paraihe kua whakapakarihia e te AI. Ka tūhono ake ngā kaiwhare whare me ngā kaihangahanga ki te mahi ki ēnei hangarau, ka taea e mātou te hiahia ki te kite i ētahi atu ara hou ki te hanga whare i ngā tikanga whaihua i te wā e whai whakapai ake te tikanga hoahoa me te whiriwhiri rauemi.