Kua waihangatia te tikanga whakaputanga o te paraihe hei mea matua mō ngā mahi hanga hou. Ka tīmata pea ina whakakahaia ngā paraihe paku katoa kia māmā ai te mahi. Ka tūhono mai, ka whakaputua ēnei paku paraihe ki roto i ngā kōpae ā-hāpai, waihangatia ai ngā āhua e āhua ana ki te āhua o te kōpae. Ko te tika o ngā ine he mea nui rawa kēnei nā te mea e pā ana kētia ngā hapa iti ki te āhua me te mahi o te hua mutunga. Ko te tika e wātea ai ngā kaihanga waihanga i ngā āhua pīroiroi anō hoki ki te tere e 20 mita ia meneti tētahi o ngā whare putanga. E kitea ana ngā wāhanga whakaputanga ki ngā whare katoa inaianei mai i ngā horoi tapa paraihe ki ngā rārangi kaha, ki ngā pou e tautoko ana. Kei te aroha ngā kaihoahoa tapa kia mahi tahi me ngā whakaputanga paraihe nā te kaha ki te wātea i te hoahoa i te wā anō ko te tautoko e pakari ana. Anō hoki, kāore rawa e hiahia ana tētahi ki te noho tirohia ngā whare pāpaku, nō reira he nui te panoni ake i ngā taputapu e kōhikohi ana i te mahi me te āhua ki ngā kaupapa hanga o ngā rā o kui.
Ina tōa koe ki te hanga i ngā mea, ka tū ahi anō te konumohe ina whakaritea ki ngā mātāpuna tawhito pērā i te hinu me te rakau. Mo te tīmatanga, he iti ake te kaha o te konumohe i te kaha o te hinu, nō reira ka māmā te hanga me te pakari tonu. He aha atu anō hoki? Kaore he tino whakahaere huihuinga e hiahiatia ana. Ka pakanga ki te rāpaki me te pakari ki ngā āhuatanga hukapapa, e mōhio ana te maha o ngā kaihangā ki te hoki anō ki a ia i ia tau. Kua whakaaturia e ngā rangahau ka nui te kaha o te konumohe ina tirohia te tauwhāinga o te kaha ki te taumaha. He māmā ki te mahi me te pakari kia mau ai te katoa, arānei ka iti ake te hau e whakamahia ana e ngā whare i te wā e whakahaere ana me te nui ake te performance hanganga. Kei te aroha hoki ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te konumohe i te mea ka taea te whakarewa anō i te maha o ngā wā kaua ko te nui o ana ahuatanga. Kua iti ake te pouri me te painga ki te taiao. Kei te kitea e kātou te konumohe ki ngā wāhi katoa ā, mai i ngā pūnaha rorohiko matata ki te whakamahi i ana ahuatanga whakaputangia hau, ki ngā kāinga kei reira e hiahia ana koe ki te āhua ātaahua kaore e pakaru, kaua ko te tino whakatika. Kei te mōhio te konumohe ki te toa atu i ngā mātāpuna tawhito e whakamārama ana i te roa i tākoto ai i te hanga i ngā whare e roa ai te ora me te iti ake te totohu ki te whenua.
Ko te māmā o te konumohe he tino huri i te kēmu ina tae mai ki te hanga hanganga pai. Ka whakamahia e nga kaihanga te konumohe hei whakakapi i ngā rauemi taumaha, ka iti ake te taumaha o te anga katoa. Ko te tikanga, kāore e hiahiatia he pūtake kia kaha, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu, ā, ka whakatuwhera i ngā momo kōwhiringa hoahoa whakamere kāore e whakaarohia e ngā kaihoahoa. Tirohia ngā papa hanga tūturu huri noa i te ao, ā, ka kite anō mātou i te kaha o te konumohe ki tōna taumaha, e āwhina ana ki te whakaora moni i runga i ngā rauemi, me te pupuri i ngā mea katoa kia pakari tonu. Tangohia ngā whare teitei, hei tauira te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga maitai tuku iho ki te konumohe ka taea te hanga i tētahi rerekētanga nui i roto i te mea e hiahiatia ana e te turanga hei tautoko. Ehara i te mea he pai noa iho te taumaha iti iho mō ngā pūtea; ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te whakaaro i waho o te pouaka, ā, ka waihangahia he whai wāhitanga kāore i taea i mua i ngā tikanga hanga noa.
Kāore te paraihe e pāhake ana i te wā i te rite ki ētahi atu metara, i te mea e whanake ana i te kōpae o te ohipa ki te mata i te takotoranga ki te hau. Ko te āhua nei ka huri ngā kaihangahanga ki te paraihe ina mahi ana i ngā wāhi e mōhiotia ana mō te wai tāpapa, te wai makū rānei e taea ai e ngā taputapu noa. Hei tauira, ko ngā waka tāpoi me ngā whare ki te taha o te moana, nui atu te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga paraihe i te mea e roa ake ai te ora i ngā taputapu tūturu. Ko ngā kaupapa hangaia ki te paraihe e hiahiatia ana i te iti ake te whakahaere i te wā i te rite ki te nuinga o te wā e whakatika ai i ngā hanganga paraihe, paraihe rānei. I ngā tau maha, ka whakawhitinga moni tāngata ki ngā kamupene me ngā kainoho wāhi noho. Ko ngā tūhono whakamātai mai i ngā waka tāpoi me ngā tāone ki te taha o te moana e whakaatu nei i te paraihe e eke pū ana i te kōhatu i te nuinga o ngā taputapu e tōia ana, i te wā e toru kua rite te roa i mua i te hiahiatia e whakakapi, e whakatika rānei.
Ko te konumoana te hihiani i te wera me te hiko, ka taea ai e ia te whakamahi pai ki te hanga, engari ina whai hua ana koe ki te penapena i te hiko. Ko ngā whare i hangaia ki te konumoana he iti ake te utu ki te whakawera me te whakamaru i te matapōkai i te wā māmā, i te nuinga o ngā kōwhiringa atu. Kua kitea e tātou tēnei i te mahi tūhono ki ngā momo hanganga. Kei te aroha ngā kaihoahoa ki te whakamahi i te konumoana i ō rātou hoahoa mō ngā whare e whai hua ana i te hiko me ngā hanganga smart kei te nui te whakahaere i te wera me te whakahaere i ngā kōwhiringa hiko. Ko te mea e whakatakotoria ai te konumoana ko te āwhina i te hanganga kia penapena i te moni i te wā e haere ana, ā, he tino whakapā ki te taiao anō hoki. Ko te mea hira rawa, ko ngā whare i hangaia ki ngā wāhanga konumoana tika he māmā ake te whakahaere i te rā i te rā kaua ko te nui o te hiko e whakamāmātia.
Kei te whakarereke ahu ake ngā pāpaku paraihe i ā mātou hōtaka i ngā rānei e hāngai ana, e kawea mai ana i te āhua me ngā painga tūmatanui. E āwhina ana i ngā kaihōtaka kia waihanga i ngā hanganga iti, māmā e āwhina ai i ngā whare kia eke atu ki te penapena i te hau, he mea nui kia nui ake te whare ina he nui te taumaha. Kua kitea e mātou tēnei rerekētanga e pā ana ki te takiwā hanga i ngā wā kua pahure ake nei. Kua māmā ake te mōhio ki te whiriwhiri i ngā pāpaku paraihe nā te mea e āhua ana rātou i te wehe wehe i ngā takotoranga āhuatanga rerekē. Āta whakaputua hoki e ngā tau tātari te toronga ake o te whakamahinga o te paraihe mō ngā takotoranga tāmiti i ngā tau kua pahure. Kei te pīroiroi ngā kaihoahoa ki te mahi ki ēnei rauemi nā te mea he āhua whānui, ā, ka taea te whakapiripiri ki te āhua o te hoahoa katoa kaore i te whakarere i te mahi. Anō hoki, he penapena hau mai i te whakakaha tika e whai hua ana mō ngā whakauru ake ake i ngā rā e hāngai ana.
Ko te whakaputanga whakaputanga e whai kiko ai te whirrawiringa ki ngā punaha wharepuni takotoranga takoto. E māmā ana ngā punaha ki te hui katoa me te whirihau, ka iti ake te wā me te moni i te wā o te hanga. Kua kitea e tātou kua pai tēnei ki ngā whakamahinga o te ao tūmatanui i reka ai ngā kaihanga i te moni ake i te wā e hanga ana i ā rātou ake whakapapa. Ko te āhua o ngā pūpahi whakaputanga e whai tikanga ana kia taea e ngā kaihoahoa te whakauru ki te katoa o ngā āhua e hiahia ana rātou. Mai i ngā whare umanga ki ngā tāone noho, e āwhina ana ngā takotoranga whakaputanga ā-whāinga ki te tōtika ki ngā mea e herea ana e te kaupapa. Ko te āhua o te whirrawiringa e whai tikanga ana kia taea e te whakaputanga te whiriwa ki te kōwhiri mō ngā uka o te hanga anō.
Ko ngā āhua tāwhai hōu eke kua huri i te ara e whai a ngā kaihoahoa whare, e whakatuwhera ana i ngā tūhono pērā i ngā kauta rā takotoranga, ngā hanganga takotoranga, me ngā paparorohiko whakapaipai. Tirohia ngā whare hōu mōrearea kua oti kē me te tūhono pea kua whakamahia ngā wāhanga hōu motuhake ki te taha o te hoahoa. He aha i whai pānga ai ēnei wāhanga? Kei te āhua pai ana me te wehe i ngā mahi tūturu, e tāwhai ana i ngā hiahia a ngā kaihoahoa i ēnei rā. Ko ngā whare puta noa i te motu e whakaatu ana i tēnei kōaro o te āhua me te whai take. Kei te mōhio kē ngā kaiwhakawhanake ka tīmata ki te mōhio kaore he mea nui te whakakaha i te mahi ina mahi tahi me ngā ratonga hōu takotoranga.
Ina mahi me te hanga whakauru karihi ritenga, ko ngā pāpaku tāpōkai he taputapu matua mō ngā kaiwhakawhanake me ngā kaiinu huihuinga e hiahia ana ki te waihanga i ngā āhua pīroiroi mō ō rātou kaupapa. Ko ēnei pāpaku e mahi ana i te rite ki ngā kōpaki, ka whakaputua te karihi tāpōkai kia hangaia ngā waahanga roa me te tātai tātaritanga. Ko te āhua o tēnei tikanga ko te āwhina i ngā whakawhitinga hoahoa tino pīroiroi e kore e āhua taea e ngā tikanga tawhito ake. Ka wāia e te tikanga tēnei ngā tino wāwāhanga e āhua noa ana e te whakaaro. Ka kitea tēnei i te mahi ina hiahiatia ngā āhua kōpiko motuhake, i te taha o ngā wāhanga hanga kua hinga te whakaputa tawhito e kore e taea.
Kua whakapai ake hōu i ngā tikanga hanga tārua i tēnei wā i te āhua māmā ake ki te waihanga i ngā āhua pīroiroi i raro i ngā tikanga o mua. Mā te whakapai ake i ngā pūnaha CAD me ngā pūnaha CAM e wātea ana ināianei, ka taea e ngā kamupene te waihanga i ngā tārua ritenga i te tere ake i te katoa o mua, i te whakapai ake hoki i te tika. Ko te tārua tāwhai irahiko tētahi tauira, ā, kua taea e ngā mīhini te kōpiko i te paraihe ki ngā āhua kōpiko katoa, ngā kokonga poutū e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mea pērā i ngā takotoranga o waho o ngā whare, i ngā hanganga tautoko ki roto i ngā whare. Ko te tikanga matua o tēnei, kāore i te mutunga te kaiwaihanga i ngā mea e taea ana e ngā tikanga o mua. Ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa whare whakamātau i ngā whakaaro hōu ake, kāore hoki e whai pānga nui ana ki te mōhio kei te taea te hanga i tētahi mea. Kei te tū tonu ngā here, engari i te whānui, kua whakarahua ake ngā tūāpapa ki te tata ki te rautau e ono noa kua hipa.
Ko te whakakotahi i te paraihe me te kiriata me ngā tāpoi hui tūhono he whakapai ake nui mō ngā kaihoahoa e kimi ana kia kotahi te māmā me te kounga roa. Ko te āhua pai o te paraihe e mahi tahi ai ki ēnei ngota katoa, e waihangai ana i ngā punaha hou pāpaku e rite ana i te āhua me te whai mahi pai hoki. Ka kitea e tātou ēnei kiriata katoa ki ngā whare hou, ā, ina heke ki ngā pāpaku taapiri, ngā punaha matapihi, me ētahi atu waahanga hanganga. Kei te aroha ngā kaihoahoa ki te mahi ki a rātou i te take o te tāpiritanga tika o ngā whakaaro tūmatanui, te kaha kāore he taumaha rānei e nui ana ina hoahoa i ngā mea mai i ngā whare anamata ki ngā wāhi tāone iti ake.
Kei te hurihia e ngā whak подход kia hou ngā whakaaro mō ngā whare i ēnei wā, e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu kotui. Whakamahia ngā hanganga hibiri kei reira ngā rārangi hirapai nui kei waenganui i ngā angamahi paraihe. Āwhina ana ēnei hanganga kia mārama, kia wātea te āhua ake, ā, kia pakari hoki te here ki te āhuarangi me te wā. Engari kāore i te āhua anake o ēnei hanganga te mea motuhake. Ko te takotoranga o ngā taputapu e mahi tōtika ana i ā rātou kaha eke. Kua kitea hoki e tātou ngā taumau o ngā whakamahinga i te ao tūmatanui. Ko te arataki e hiahia ana kia honohono i te pāpaku o te paraihe me ngā āhuatanga tirohanga māmā o te hirapai kia hangaia ngā takotoranga e wehewehe ana i te rōpū. Kāore anō pea ngā kiriata o ngā whare e rite ana ki te āhua, engari kei te pai ake tā rātou mahi ki ngā tāone kei reira ko te wāhi he paku noa, me te whai whakaaro ki te whakamau ake i te wā.
Ko ngā pūnaha huihuinga anō anō e whakaputangia ana e whakaponga ngā hua tika ki ngā mahi hanga hou, ā, he tino nui ina hiahia ana koe ki te hanga i ngā mea ki te tere, me te whakapōki i ngā utu. Ko te mea nui ko te tere i te wāhi e huihui ai, e iti ai te wā me te moni e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi. Ko ēnei pūnaha e tae mai ana ki a katoa ngā kete i hangaia kua mua kia tōtika ki ngā āhuatanga hanga katoa. Ko te putanga? Ko te whai whakapono ake i ngā ine me te whai kounga ake, tāpirihia atu hoki te iti ake o ngā wā kati i mua i te mutunga o te kaupapa. Mō ngā kaihoko e noho ana ki ngā whakaritenga tere me ngā here moni, ko tēnei momo whakawhitinga wāhi ka awhina i a rātou kia tū tonu ki te āki ake a te umanga ki ngā hanga tere ake me te kore e whakakaha i te haumaru, i te kaha rānei o te hua mutunga.
E ai ki ngā raraunga o te umanga, ko ngā whakaeke konumohe tōtika e whakapakari ake i te angitu i te nuinga o ngā wā. Ina hangaia ngā wāhanga ki te toihau engari i te wāhi e noho ana, he iti ake te pā ki te āhuarangi kāore i te mōhio, me ngā whakaroa kua whakaputua e ngā wāhi hanga. Ko te whakauru katoa ka māmā ake hoki. Ka whiwhi moni ngā kaihoko i ā rātou rauemi kei te whakamahia tika ana i te wā e mutu ai hoki ngā kaupapa tere ake i ngā tikanga tawhito. Ko te aronga ka tīmata te kitea i ngā kaupapa hanga nui me ngā whare whakahirahira e whiriwhiri ana i ēnei wāhanga konumohe tōtika i ēnei rā. Kei te whakautuia tātou i ētahi o ngā upoko pōuri nui ake e pā ana ki ngā kaihangahanga i tēnei wā e hiahiatia ana e rātou te tere me ngā otinga tūturu mai i ā rātou rauemi.
Ko te āhua whai hua o te whakarewa anō i te ālumini ki te tautohu mō ngā whak подход whai tikanga kia kaua e huna i ngā rā o ēnei rā. Kei te tūrangia te ālumini hei tētahi o ngā tauranga e whakarewahia nui ana i te ao. Kei te tata ki te toru hauwhā o te ālumini katoa i hangaia i ngā wā katoa kei te whakamahia tonu ana ki tēhea wāhi i tēnei wā. Ko te whakamahi anō i te āhua nui i ēnei tikanga e whakaatu ana i te nui o te uara o te ālumini ki roto i te tauākī o te arawai mōhio, arā ko te tauākī ka whakamahia anō ngā mea i te maha o ngā wā kaua ko te kore e iti ake te kounga, ā, ko te tikanga tēnei e āwhina ai i te whakaiti i ngā kohinga ki te taiao. I te wā e whai whakaritenga ana i ngā whare, i ngā hanganga rānei, ka arotakea ngā kaiwhakaaro ā-tāone ngā ara hei whakauru i ngā wāhanga ālumini e āhua whai hua ana. Whai whakaaro ki ngā wāhanga āhuatanga e taea ana te wehe kia māmā i muri mai i te wā ka hiahiatia rānei kaua ko te kore e iti ake te kaupeka. Ko te whakauru i ēnei momo whiriwhiri e kaha ake i te nohonga noa ki te whakapai ake i ngā tohu whai tikanga. Heoi anō, he whai hua hoki tēnei nā te iti ake o ngā para kua whakaputua i te wā o te hanga, ā, ko ngā rauemi katoa ka whakamahia ki te tikanga pai ake.
Ko ngā pāpāho tōtika karuwha he nui te āwhā i te whakapai ake i te whakamahi pūngao o ngā whare i te rohe katoa o te ora. I ngā whai mōhio e whakaatu nei, ina tāwhaihia ngā whare ki ngā pāpāho karuwha e whai wāhi mai ana ngā wehenga wērā, ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i ngā utu pūngao ki ētahi atu 30%. E whai pāpāho tōtika ngā wehenga wērā, tāwai hoki ngā āhuatanga whakaparipari kia pakaru ai te āhua o roto ahakoa te āhua o waho. Ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa me ngā kaimahi pūkaha e mahi tahi ana ki te hanga i ngā kanohi e āhua nui ana i te wā e ū ana ki ngā whāinga whakapai pūngao. Ānō te ara e tautoko ana i te whanake kaitiaki me te whakapakari moni mō ngā kaitiaki rawa i te wā roa.
Ki te tiro ki te whānui o ngā utu i te wā, ka tū a taraweti i te mutunga hei utu iti ake i te taraweti noa i te nuinga o ngā kaupapa hanga, i runga i tana whakarewa iti, roa ake te ora, ā, kāore hoki e hiahiatia ana te nui ake o ngā tika i muri mai. E ētahi rapu ā-motu ana e whakaatu ana i ngā whare hangaia ki te taraweti e taea ai te penapena i te 20% o ngā utu hiko me ngā utu whakahaere mō te tau ki te whānui. He aha ai? Heoi anō, kāore te taraweti e pāwhara kia pērā me te taraweti, nō reira he iti noa ngā tika e hiahiatia ana i ngā tau kei muri. Anō hoki i tana whakarewa iti, ko te utu kawenga i ngā taraweti ki te tūāhua me te whakauru i ērā he iti ake. Mō ngā tāngata e āki ai ngā pūtea ki ngā tūāhua hanga, he taraweti anō te kōwhiringa āwhina i ēnei wā. Kei te tīmata te hunga kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere moni e mōhio ana ki te uara o te nekehanga mai i te taraweti ki te taraweti no te mea he pai ake ngā tau ina kōwhiria katoa ngā utu e haere mai ana i te roa o te ora o te whare.
Ki te whakaae ki te whakangungu mā whakawhanake awheuma , e taea ana te whakahaere rūnanga ki te whakatupu i ngā whakaaetanga matua e pā ana ki ngā whiwhinga moni, te kaitiakitanga ā-waho, me te hōtaka hangarau.